
Anzac Day, 2005. It's ninety years since the first Anzac Day, since the Anzacs landed at Anzac Cove, Gallipoli. Anzac Day is held in honour with much respect by Australians, more honour and respect than is accorded Remembrance Day in November or Australia Day in January.
Now when I was a young man I carried me pack
And I lived the free life of the rover.
From the Murray's green basin to the dusty outback,
Well, I waltzed my Matilda all over.
Then in 1915, my country said, "Son,
It's time you stop ramblin', there's work to be done."
So they gave me a tin hat, and they gave me a gun,
And they marched me away to the war.
And the band played "Waltzing Matilda,"
As the ship pulled away from the quay,
And amidst all the cheers, the flag waving, and tears,
We sailed off for Gallipoli.
Troops from the Australia New Zealand Army Corps were landed at dawn at Anzac Cove in Gallipoli, Turkey, to take the heights and to take the forts controlling the Straits of the Dardanelles, allowing ships to pass through to seize Istanbul and thus force Turkey to leave the war. They were not the only troops involved. There were others from Ireland, France and England.
These troops landed at their anticipated landing spots and met little resistance. However, the Anzacs were offloaded at what is now known as Anzac Cove. An error led to much bloodshed. They met with extremely fierce resistance. A pilot who flew over in the daytime reported that the sea was blood red fifty metres from the shore and the beach was strewn with corpses.
And how well I remember that terrible day,
How our blood stained the sand and the water;
And of how in that hell that they call Suvla Bay
We were butchered like lambs at the slaughter.
Johnny Turk, he was waitin', he primed himself well;
He showered us with bullets, and he rained us with shell --
And in five minutes flat, he'd blown us all to hell,
Nearly blew us right back to Australia.
Troops struggled to climb the cliffs and were easily picked up by snipers from above. The original landing place had easy access, not the near impossible cliffs. Eventually, some made it to the top. Trenches were dug and soldiers began what was the long wait of many months. The Turkish and ANZAC trenches were only ten metres apart and the fighting was fierce and drawn out.
But the band played "Waltzing Matilda,"
When we stopped to bury our slain,
Well, we buried ours, and the Turks buried theirs,
Then we started all over again.
Thousands and thousands were killed from both sides. A brief armistice was called to allow both Turks and allies to bury the dead. Many were buried in mass graves and even today after heavy rain, human bones and debris such as water canteens are exposed.
The original plan had been for pincer movements to squeeze the Turks and to allow the capture of key villages and posts on the heights so British and Empire warships could pass through to Istanbul without being fired on. More mistakes contributed to the general disaster. Some of these places could have been taken easily, but the English waited and reinforcements arrived. They weren't taken.
The sorry tale dragged on for months, compounded by error and stupidity. A New Zealand commanding officer questioned the wisdom of trying to advance but was ordered on. He lost his men, many of them dark skinned Maoris, to friendly fire because they were taken for Turks. He was also killed. There were many tales of bravery and heroism. Notable among these was John Simpson who acquired a donkey and for weeks made his way through gunfire to bring back the wounded to the trenches. Eventually he too was killed. The names of Souvla and Lone Pine are proudly remembered here.
And those that were left, well, we tried to survive
In that mad world of blood, death and fire.
And for ten weary weeks I kept myself alive
Though around me the corpses piled higher.
Then a big Turkish shell knocked me arse over head,
And when I woke up in me hospital bed
And saw what it had done, well, I wished I was dead --
Never knew there was worse things than dying.
For I'll go no more "Waltzing
Matilda,"
All around the green bush far and free -
To hump tents and pegs, a man needs both legs,
No more "Waltzing Matilda" for me.
Eventually it became obvious even to Winston Churchill back in London, the one originally responsible for the planning that this was a total disaster. A retreat was planned and, contrary to the arrival, all went well. It had been imagined that there would be another 50% lost in a retreat. At night, silently, troops descended the dreadful cliffs and were taken off. Behind were booby traps and guns primed to go off when tins filled with water tipped and caused the trigger to fire.
Not one life was lost in the retreat.
So they gathered the crippled, the wounded, the maimed,
And they shipped us back home to Australia.
The armless, the legless, the blind, the insane,
Those proud wounded heroes of Suvla.
And as our ship sailed into Circular Quay,
I looked at the place where me legs used to be,
And thanked Christ there was nobody waiting for me,
To grieve, to mourn and to pity.
But the band played "Waltzing Matilda,"
As they carried us down the gangway,
But nobody cheered, they just stood and stared,
Then they turned all their faces away.
Although for a long time this was regarded as a defeat, it came to be a turning point for Australia. We were really a nation, capable of contributing,not just some dangling offshoot of the mother country, England. Today, Anzac Day is held in honour. Crowds are increasing every year at both teh dawn service and at the march. The last ANZAC soldier in the world died here in 2003. However family still march, along with veterans from all wars we have taken part in. This year, the War Memorial in Canberra has reported much larger numbers of visitors in the weeks leading up to today. Crowds at the dawn service in Gallipoli are increasing each year. Turks recognise the bravery of their former foes and there appears to be no hostility.
And so now every April, I sit on my porch
And I watch the parade pass before me.
And I see my old comrades, how proudly they march,
Reviving old dreams of past glory,
And the old men march slowly, all bones stiff and sore,
They're tired old heroes from a forgotten war
And the young people ask "What are they marching for?"
And I ask meself the same question.
The use of these lyrics in connection with Anzac Day has been questioned. To me, it is very appropriate. Little has changed. This whole campaign was destined to be a failure. It was planned from afar by Winston Churchill who did not listen to advice. It was based on mistakes and false assumptions. Maps were out of date and reconnaissance was faulty giving totally the wrong picture. Wrong landing places were chosen. The extent of the resistance was totally underestimated. I have already said that villages were undefended but were not touched because the plan was different. As is obvious when looking at the geography of the place, even capture of the strongholds would not have given the mastery of the straits. Many of the commanding officers, though not all, were totally inflexible, refusing to bow to the obvious. When asked about casualties one replied that they did not matter to him. Churchill was haunted by Gallipoli for the rest of his life.
Sound familiar? A case of deja vu?
Much more can be learnt about ANZAC DAY on the ABC site and also also here.
Lyrics are from and the band played Waltzing Mathilda by Eric Bogle. Carrying a swag meant to travel the countryside, camping out. looking for casual work and handouts. A swag, or Mathilda, was carried by the swaggie and was his belongings and bedding tied in a roll and carried over the shoulder.
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